树脂基纳米钛锆氧化物复合吸附剂同步去除水中磷和氟

以大孔强碱性阴离子交换树脂D201为基体,负载纳米钛、锆氧化物,制备新型树脂基纳米钛锆氧化物复合吸附剂TiZr-D201.通过吸附等温线实验、pH影响实验、竞争吸附实验、动力学实验及柱吸附实验,并结合对吸附剂的表征,探讨了复合吸附剂对水中磷和氟的吸附性能和相应的吸附机制.结果表明,当pH值为5.8,温度为308K时,Ti-Zr-D201对磷和氟的Langmuir拟合最大吸附容量分别是34.9 mg·g~(-1)和35.1 mg·g~(-1),且吸附行为是自发进行的,温度越高,吸附效果越好;与磷相比,pH值对Ti-Zr-D201吸附氟的影响更为显著;选取SO_4~(2-)、NO_3~-和Cl~-作为竞争离子,Ti-Zr-D201较基体D201表现出很好的抗干扰能力;内扩散模型拟合结果表明Ti-Zr-D201在吸附平衡前存在两个不同的吸附阶段;柱吸附实验表明Ti-Zr-D201具有稳定的结构和良好的动态吸附性能,并且可再生循环使用,具备实际应用的潜力.     

高锰酸盐复合药剂预氧化对摇蚊幼虫DBPsFP的去除控制研究

以花翅摇蚊幼虫为试验对象,研究高锰酸盐复合药剂预氧化对摇蚊幼虫代谢产物在氯化消毒过程中消毒副产物前体物的去除控制.研究表明:在p H由5升高到9时,三氯乙酸(TCAA)与二氯乙酸(DCAA)的浓度呈逐渐减少趋势;p H由5升高到7时,三氯甲烷(TCM)和三氯乙腈(TCAN)的浓度减幅最大,1,1-二氯丙酮(1,1-DCP)和1,1,1-三氯丙酮(1,1,1-TCP)则在p H为8时浓度达到最低值;随着药剂投加量的增加,TCM呈现出持续稳定增长趋势,DCAA呈总体下降趋势,而TCAN、1,1-DCP、1,1,1-TCP和TCAA则先增加后减少,高锰酸盐的投加量为3mg·L-1时,消毒副产物去除效果显著;延长预反应时间,TCM呈总体上升趋势,1,1-DCP、DCAA、TCAA呈下降趋势,TCAN、1,1,1-TCP呈先增加后减少的趋势,综合考虑最佳预氧化时间为30 min;投加混凝剂能够有效控制消毒副产物前体物的生成,随着混凝剂的不断增加,TCM、1,1,1-TCP呈先增加后减少的趋势,TCAN、1,1-DCP、DCAA、TCAA浓度则逐渐降低,在投量为40 mg·L-1时,达到最低值.     

磁性氮掺石墨烯活化过硫酸钾降解水中亚甲基蓝

活化过硫酸盐产生硫酸根自由基的高级氧化技术在水环境污染物治理中引起了广泛的关注和研究.本研究采用水热法制备磁性氮掺石墨烯(M-N-G)作为催化剂.利用SEM、BET、XRD和VSM等手段表征材料,系统研究了该材料活化过硫酸盐降解亚甲基蓝的效能.结果表明:M-N-G的比表面积为94.35 m2·g-1,磁性Fe3O4分布在材料表面,能有效的活化过硫酸钾降解亚甲基蓝.当催化剂的用量为200 mg·L~(-1),过硫酸钾浓度为0.4~0.5 mmol·L~(-1)时,在p H=3~6时对10 mg·L~(-1)亚甲基蓝的降解率达90%以上.体系温度在15~32℃时,降解速率常数在0.0227~0.0488 min-1,反应活化能为33.7 k J·mol-1.EPR分析及自由基漼灭实验证明了体系中有羟基自由基和硫酸根自由基产生.TOC分析结果表明:TOC去除率可达50%.M-N-G经过简单的稀硫酸和水洗后,可高效重复利用4次.该技术方法简单、高效、无二次污染,能为有机污染物废水处理提供一种新的方法选择.     

不同构造措施的钢管混凝土边框钢板剪力墙抗震性能试验研究

钢管混凝土边框钢板剪力墙是一种新型抗震剪力墙,为了比较不同构造措施对该新型剪力墙抗震性能的影响,进行了3个剪跨比为1.5的钢管混凝土边框钢板剪力墙低周反复荷载试验.其中,试验模型1为墙体钢板与边框柱钢管焊接,试验模型2为墙体钢板与边框柱钢管螺栓连接,试验模型3为墙体钢板开孔并与边框柱钢管焊接.通过试验研究,比较了各剪力...     

Potential effects of particulate matter from combustion during services on human health and on works of art in medieval churches in Cyprus

Indoor and outdoor particulate matter (PM_0.3-10) number concentrations were established in two medieval churches in Cyprus. In both churches incense was burnt occasionally during Mass. The highest indoor PM_0.5-1 concentrations compared with outdoors (10.7 times higher) were observed in the church that burning of candles indoors was allowed. Peak indoor black carbon concentration was 6.8 μg m⁻³ in the instances that incense was burning and 13.4 μg m⁻³ in the instances that the candles were burning (outdoor levels ranged between 0.6 and 1.3 μg m⁻³). From the water soluble inorganic components determined in PM₁₀, calcium prevailed in all samples indoors or outdoors, whilst high potassium concentration indoors were a clear marker of combustion. Indoor sources of PM were clearly identified and their emission strengths were estimated via modeling of the results. Indoor estimated PM_0.3-10 mass concentrations exceeded air quality standards for human health protection and for the preservation of works of art.     

响应曲面法优化复合絮凝剂的制备工艺

为了提高染料废水中COD和色度的去除效果,采用响应曲面法对聚硅酸类新型复合絮凝剂的制备工艺进行了优化实验研究。在单因素实验基础上采用Box-Behnken Design(BBD)实验设计方法,设计出了影响染料废水处理效果的3因素3水平共15组实验,其中n(Fe+Al):n(Si)的摩尔比为4～6,n(B+Mg):n(Si)的摩尔比为0.3～0.7,熟化时间为1～3 d。根据15组实验结果,以COD去除率和色度去除率为响应值分别建立了二次多项式响应曲面模型。模型优化结果显示,在n(Fe+Al):n(Si)摩尔比为5∶1,n(B+Mg):n(Si)为0.5∶1,熟化时间为2 d的条件下,制备得到的新型复合絮凝剂聚硅酸铝铁硼镁具有最佳的絮凝处理性能和脱色效果,能有效去除染料废水中的COD和色度,其中出水色度接近于0,COD的去除率达到87.65%,模型验证实验进一步验证了本文所建立的响应曲面法在复合絮凝剂制备工艺优化中的有效性。     

乌鲁木齐市可吸入颗粒物水溶性离子特征及来源解析

采暖期时在乌鲁木齐市采集了环境空气中的可吸入颗粒物,对可吸入颗粒物质量浓度及8种水溶性离子的特征和来源进行了分析。结果表明,细粒子和粗粒子的月平均质量浓度分别是53.5～233.3μg/m3和38.9～60.9μg/m3;细粒子和粗粒子中水溶性离子主要由SO24-、NH4+和NO3-组成;粗粒子中NH4+与NO3-和SO24-的相关性分别是0.70和0.66,细粒子中NH4+与NO3-和SO24-的相关性分别是0.89和0.93,铵盐是乌鲁木齐可吸入颗粒物主要存在形式;煤烟尘是乌鲁木齐市采暖期可吸入颗粒物的主要来源。     

湿法净化黑烟中添加剂对炭黑沉降性能的影响

湿法净化黑烟中炭黑颗粒物的关键在于降低吸收液的表面张力并以高性能絮凝剂使其从溶液中絮凝、沉降以利于分离。选用十六烷基三甲基溴化胺(CTAB)为主要表面活性剂,使之与十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)和月桂醇聚氧乙烯(9)醚(AEO-9)进行复配实验,研究了复配液的表面张力,再向最低表面张力的复配表面活性剂溶液中投加絮凝剂聚合氯化铝(PAC)和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM),探讨絮凝剂的添加对黑烟颗粒沉降和絮凝的影响.实验结果表明:同时添加表面活性剂CTAB,SDBS和PAC,并使之浓度分别为0.5 mmol/L,0.4 mmol/L和200 mg/L时,炭黑颗粒的沉降效果最好,沉降率高达94%,且絮凝体较大,沉降时间仅为2 min。     

交联壳聚糖/沸石复合吸附剂的制备及性能

用沸石负载由缩水甘油基三乙基氯化铵交联的壳聚糖，制得了性能良好的交联壳聚糖/沸石复合吸附剂。研究了该吸附剂应用性能的影响因素，探讨了该吸附剂的吸附性、沉降性和重复使用性，利用FTIR仪和高倍透射电子显微镜对该吸附剂的结构进行了表征。实验结果表明:壳聚糖的交联度为0.93、交联壳聚糖与沸石的质量比为0.045时，制得的交联壳聚糖/沸石复合吸附剂对腐殖酸的去除率可达81.4%，吸附量为4.07mg/g;交联壳聚糖/沸石复合吸附剂对腐殖酸的吸附性能较沸石有显著提高，沉降时间较交联壳聚糖明显缩短;经二次洗脱后腐殖酸去除率仍可达80.2%，腐殖酸吸附量为4.01mg/g。     

Appraisal of measurement methods, chemical composition and sources of fine atmospheric particles over six different areas of Northern Belgium

Daily and seasonal variation in the total elemental, organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) content and mass of PM_2.5 were studied at industrial, urban, suburban and agricultural/rural areas. Continuous (optical Dustscan, standard tapered element oscillating micro-balance (TEOM), TEOM with filter dynamics measurement system), semi-continuous (Partisol filter-sampling) and non-continuous (Dekati-impactor sampling and gravimetry) methods of PM_2.5 mass monitoring were critically evaluated. The average elemental fraction accounted for 2-6% of the PM_2.5 mass measured by gravimetry. Metals, like K, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb were strongly inter-correlated, also frequently with non-metallic elements (P, S, Cl and/or Br) and EC/OC. A high OC/EC ratio (2-9) was generally observed. The total carbon content of PM_2.5 ranged between 3 and 77% (averages: 12-32%), peaking near industrial/heavy trafficked sites. Principal component analysis identified heavy oil burning, ferrous/non-ferrous industry and vehicular emissions as the main sources of metal pollution.